Zodiac Killer case from 1968 to 2021: unsolved, no charges ever filed

On December 20, 1968, two teenagers were shot and killed near a secluded lovers' lane in Benicia, California. The victims were David Faraday and Betty Lou Jensen. No one was arrested.
That attack is now considered the first confirmed crime of the Zodiac Killer, a case that would stretch from the late 1960s into the 2020s without a single charge ever filed.
The killer struck again in July 1969, this time at a golf course in Vallejo. Darlene Ferrin was killed; Michael Mageau survived. Later that same month, letters began arriving at newspapers, with the writer claiming responsibility and calling himself the Zodiac.

On September 27, 1969, the most infamous attack took place at Lake Berryessa. Two young people, Cecilia Shepard and Bryan Hartnell, were stabbed. Shepard died; Hartnell survived and gave a detailed description of the attacker.
The final confirmed attack came on October 11, 1969, when a taxi driver named Paul Stine was shot in San Francisco.
The case was defined not just by the crimes but by the killer's taunting letters, which included cryptograms. Some of those ciphers were never fully solved.

Police in multiple jurisdictions—Vallejo, Napa County, Benicia, and San Francisco—worked the case, often with limited coordination, according to the source material. The key evidence included shell casings from the first two shootings, a partial palm print from the Lake Berryessa scene, and the surviving victims' descriptions.
The killer's first cryptogram was solved in 1969 by a high school teacher and his wife. It threatened more killings but gave no identity. The second cipher remained unsolved until 2020, when a team of amateur codebreakers deciphered it; it contained no name.
A major turning point came after the taxi driver's murder. A police officer saw a suspect near the scene but did not stop him. The officer later said the man matched the description of the killer. That missed encounter was widely reported as a critical mistake.
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Over the years, police investigated numerous suspects, but no charges were ever filed. In 2021, the FBI confirmed it was still investigating, but no arrest was made.
There was no trial. No suspect was ever charged, convicted, or acquitted in connection with the Zodiac killings. The case remains officially unsolved.
Several suspects were publicly named by journalists or amateur investigators, but none were ever formally charged. One notable suspect, Arthur Leigh Allen, was investigated extensively and named in a 2007 documentary, but prosecutors never filed charges, and DNA testing did not link him to the crimes. Allen died in 1992.
The case remains open. The San Francisco Police Department and the FBI have both stated that the investigation continues, though no arrests have been made. In 2020, the second cipher was solved by a team of private citizens, but it did not identify the killer. In 2021, a group of independent investigators claimed to have identified a suspect, but law enforcement did not confirm the claim.
The surviving victims and the families of the deceased have lived for decades without closure. The case has been the subject of numerous books, documentaries, and films, and the Zodiac's letters and ciphers remain in the public domain.
What is still unknown is the identity of the killer. No charges have ever been filed. The case remains open, and the official investigation continues.
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